Intra-articular

Extra-articular

Localized/nodular TGCT tends to describe a single tumor inside the joint. An Intra-articular tumor refers to a tumor located within the joint and often between two bones, such as, between the femur and tibia (making up the knee) (1). While typically a single mass, localized/nodular TGCT may include more than one tumor. The important distinction between localized/nodular and diffuse TGCT is that localized TGCT is well defined and often encapsulated.

Diffuse TGCT can be intra-articular and/or extra-articular.

extra-articular

Diffuse TGCT may have multiple tumors that are extra-articular. However, localized tumors can still be extra-articular. This means that the tumors either extends or resides outside the joint (2).
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Extra-articular diffuse TGCT is often harder to surgically remove and is a higher risk factor for TGCT being left behind after surgery. 

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REFERENCES

1. ​     Dhanda S, Quek ST, Bathla G, Jagmohan P. Intra-articular and peri-articular tumours and tumour mimics- what a clinician and onco-imaging radiologist should know. Malaysian J Med Sci. 2014.
2.      Nottrott M, Streitbürger A, Gosheger G, Guder W, Hauschild G, Hardes J. Intra-articular soft-tissue sarcoma of the knee: Is extra-articular resection and tumor endoprosthetic reconstruction the solution? A retrospective report on eight cases. Orthop Rev (Pavia). 2019. doi:10.4081/or.2019.7764​

Ⓒ TGCT Support
Updated 2026